Archives for category: 2006

Ten years ago, an EPA report revealed that medical waste incinerators were a major source of airborne carcinogens, and hospitals across the country were criticized for using mercury thermometers, burning plastics, and allowing used syringes to wash up on beaches.

“It caused a real uproar in local communities,” says Adele Houghton of Health Care Without Harm, an international non-profit that was formed in 1996 in response to the waste incineration problem. The hospitals polluted the air and water, causing a rise in chronic diseases, she says. “It’s a vicious cycle—especially when your mission is supposed to be ‘first do no harm.’”

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Plenty, December 2006.

By early October, the summer tourists have left Martha’s Vineyard. Marcia Smilack, camera in hand, walks slowly along a barren dock, waiting for something in her peripheral vision to evoke the sound of a cello in her ears or the feel of satin on her skin. When it does, she stops, points her camera at the water, and waits to hear or feel it again. Then she shoots her picture.

Smilack belongs to the group of one to four percent of people worldwide with synesthesia, the neurological mixing of the senses. No two synesthetes have exactly the same perceptual experiences. Many perceive each number, letter of the alphabet, or day of the week as a different color. For others, sounds from the environment are always accompanied by moving geometric patterns in their “mind’s eye.”

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Seed, December 2006.

 

For more than a century, the world’s forests have been under siege—by the timber industry, by the wild mushroom and maple syrup industries, by agricultural development, and even by millions of indigenous people living at the forests’ borders. Disappearing forests mean disappearing habitats for thousands of species.

Ecologists say the loss is especially tragic in the face of our planet’s recent warming. Trees act as natural air conditioners: Warm tree leaves release water, the water evaporates, and the atmosphere cools. What’s more, today’s tropical forests store half a century of global carbon emissions in their trunks.

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Seed, December 2006.

You are what you eat—or, if you’re a 2 million-year-old hominid fossil, what you ate.

By analyzing the tooth enamel of Paranthropus robustus, anthropologists have discovered that these big-jawed bipeds—who shared the South African savannas with Homo erectus about two million years ago—snacked on a much wider variety of foods than researchers previously suspected. The new study, which is published in the Nov. 10 issue of the journal Science, challenges the long-held belief that Paranthropus went extinct because of its picky eating habits.

Both Homo and Paranthropus descended from Australopithecus, the genus that includes the famous 3 million-year-old fossil “Lucy.”

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Seed, November 2006.

Drawing of Super Nurse“During the war a helicopter arrived on a remote island in the Pacific carrying a doctor who was needed urgently for emergency surgery. The doctor was led to a small hut which staff had readied for the operation. Once scrubbed, he approached the makeshift operating table and surveyed his patient. Ready to begin, he reached for an instrument, but the nurse shook her head and handed him a different implement. ‘Oh . . . don’t tell me,’ he sighed, ‘a Hopkins nurse.’”

This story, first reproduced in a 1940s pamphlet promoting the Johns Hopkins Hospital School of Nursing, has become legendary for several generations of Hopkins nurses.

“I joke about being an uppity nurse,” says Marian Grant, who earned her baccalaureate degree in nursing at the school in 2000 and her master’s degree as an acute care nurse practitioner in 2005. “Even as a new nurse, in certain situations, I thought, ‘I need to speak up.’ I would challenge doctors, challenge administration people, if necessary, on behalf of my patients.”

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Johns Hopkins Nursing Magazine, Fall/Winter 2006 (Cover).

Though lead-based paint was banned from household use in 1978, lead poisoning hasn’t gone away — especially in kids. The Centers for Disease Control estimates that more than 300,000 children nationwide under age 5 have dangerously high levels of lead in their blood.

That number is far lower than it was 30 years ago, but no one should underestimate the problem, says Patricia McLaine, SPH ’87 (MPH). “We need to use what political will we have to get rid of these lead sources that have been poisoning children here for close to 100 years.” A Bloomberg School of Public Health doctoral candidate in environmental health and former Hopkins School of Nursing faculty member, McLaine recently co-authored two papers on reducing lead levels efficiently and inexpensively.

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Johns Hopkins Magazine, November 2006.

Shortly after Britni Lonesome was accepted into Justin Hanes’ chemical engineering lab, he asked her to present to the lab group. Then a high-school senior, Lonesome was to explain her new project: making a plastic implant that could release medication, continuously and consistently for three months, into the bloodstream of a tuberculosis patient.

Her talk was impressive, “from the professionalism of her slides to how prepared and lucid she was,” says Hanes, an associate professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering in the Whiting School. “And that was early on. So I knew that she was going to be something special.”

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Johns Hopkins Magazine, November 2006.

Give them a little booze, and fruit flies get rowdy. After too much alcohol, they’ll stagger and, eventually, pass out. But for a select few flies, alcohol’s effects are much weaker. Now, scientists have identified the genetic mutation responsible for this difference.

The new fruit fly research, published with a corroborating mouse study in the Oct. 6 issue of the journal Cell, may pave the way for the future development of drug targets to treat human addictions.

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Seed, November 2006.

Spooked by reports that vaccines might cause diseases such as autism, many parents choose not to vaccinate their kids. But when their decision endangers others, should the government step in?

Nature Medicine, November 2006.