Archives for the month of: January, 2009

At the height of his presidential campaign against Senator John McCain last July, Barack Obama declined the advocacy group Autism Society of Americaʼs invitation to discuss health reform at a town hall meeting. But in a written response, the then-Senator promised to increase federal funding for autism research and treatment to $1 billion each year by the end of his first term in office.

Less than two weeks after Obama took the presidential oath, autism researchers are pleased with his outspoken focus on science including, notably, an economic stimulus package that, if accepted by Congress, would dole out $2.5 billion for research at the National Science Foundation and $3.5 billion for research and building maintenance at the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

Autism is the only disease or disorder specifically mentioned in the presidential agenda published on the new White House website.

“I think that the attitude towards science, and the importance of getting evidence and doing research, will be more valued [under Obama],” says Cathy Lord, director of the University of Michigan Autism & Communication Disorders Center.

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SFARI, January 2009.

One day last November, as she does several times a week, cognitive scientist Rebecca Saxe gave a lecture about the brain. This time, her audience was not other scientists or philosophers or undergraduates at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), but the 80-odd honorable members of the Rhode Island judiciary.

Saxe packed her talk with “super-cool things about the brain,” she recalls. She told the judges how the brain folds precisely the same way in every human; and how most of the stuff inside of our brains is not the brain cells, called gray matter, but the connections between the cells, or white matter.

Saxe, 29, is not much taller than 5 feet. Exceedingly unpretentious and usually shy, she becomes quite animated when she delves into the mysteries of the human brain. Alas, the judges did not share her enthusiasm. “Their reaction was, ‘Mmm, that’s nice,’” she recalls with a laugh. “I just totally miscalled it.”

The incident is rendered ironic by Saxeʼs research focus: the ability to divine what others are thinking.

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SFARI, January 2009.

Yesterday, the mainstream media was ablaze with news that doctors may soon be able to screen for autism in the womb.

This claim is based on results from a new study that showed that higher levels of testosterone in the amniotic fluid are associated with the baby later developing traits of autism, such as poor social skills and a lack of empathy. The testosterone level can be measured by amniocentesis, a procedure that’s routinely done on pregnant women over the age of 35 to screen for Down’s syndrome and other genetic abnormalities.

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SFARI, January 2009.

In the past few years, studies have linked various chromosomal regions, candidate genes and copy number variations to a higher risk of autism. But none of those findings explain why the condition is four times more common in boys than in girls.

That question has been the focus of psychologist Simon Baron-Cohen and his colleagues at Cambridge University.

Based on dozens of studies exploring sex differences in autism-related behaviors, Baron-Cohen has proposed a ‘fetal androgen theoryʼ: behaviors seen in autism are an exaggeration of normal differences between males and females, probably caused by exposure to high levels of male sex hormones in the womb.

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SFARI, January 2009.